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The corona is the Sun's dynamic atmosphere. It is filled with electrically charged particles, whose movements are governed by the tangle of magnetic fields surrounding the sun. While the sun's surface is 6000K, the corona can reach up to millions of degrees, sparking questions from researchers about the mechanisms that heat the atmosphere so dramatically. Solar flares and coronal mass ejections originate in the corona.
 * Read more about the corona, here...

The heliospheric magnetic field (HMF) is the magnetic field that encompasses the entire solar system and all bodies within it. This massive field that permeates the solar system is generated and dragged out by the solar wind that flows outward from the sun at several million miles per hour. While the HMF typically deflects around Earth's magnetic field, the HMF can sometimes "reconnect" with Earth's field, allowing solar wind energy to funnel directly into the Earth's protective magnetospheric bubble.
 * Read more about the heliospheric magnetic field, here...

Solar flares are great bursts of light and radiation due to the release of magnetic energy on the sun. Flares are by far the biggest explosions in the solar system, with energy releases comparable to billions of hydrogen bombs. The radiation from the flare travels at the speed of light, and so reaches Earth within eight minutes. The energy is generally absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, which protects humans on Earth, however, the energy can cause radio blackouts on Earth for minutes or, in the worst cases, hours at a time. The radiation from a flare would also be harmful to astronauts outside of Earth's atmosphere. Some, but by no means all, flares have an associated coronal mass ejection (CME).
 * Read more about the solar flares, here...


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